What is stored inside a photo
Every photo file has room for far more than pixels. The EXIF standard defines several hundred fields, and cameras and phones fill in whatever they can: the make and model of the body, the lens fitted, the aperture, shutter speed and ISO, whether the flash fired, the metering and exposure modes, the date and time to the second, and frequently a GPS position with an altitude.
Alongside EXIF, files often carry XMP (Adobe's editing metadata, which can include a creator name and a full edit history), IPTC (captions, credits and copyright used by news organisations), an ICC colour profile, and an embedded thumbnail. This tool reports each block separately, along with how many bytes it occupies.